Robert Llewellyn and Dr Jonathan Hare take on Hollywood
Science, testing the science that filmgoers take for granted. Here they look at
the famous egg eating incident with Paul Newman in the film Cool Hand Luke.
The film is Cool Hand Luke. Our hero is Paul Newman. The
task is to undertake the most marvellously mad, mind numbingly pointless bet in
movie history: to eat fifty eggs in one hour, without throwing up. But can it
be done, or is it yet another case of Hollywood Science?
Could you eat fifty eggs? Could anyone? Our backyard
biologists Jonathan Hare and Robert Llewellyn are determined to find out.
The first step, find out the amount of space the eggs would
take up, then see if a person’s stomach can hold that much.
Volume of 50 eggs = 50eggs will be approximately 0.003
metres cubed or 3 litres when chewed.
Can the human stomach hold this many eggs?
And what happens to the eggs as they pass through the
digestive system?
When we smell food, our mouth responds by producing saliva,
and as we eat, the saliva lubricates our food and begins the process of
digestion.
The average amount of saliva we can produce in one go is
300ml, and once this saliva has been used up, food becomes dry and difficult to
chew and swallow.
Once Paul Newman has eaten a number of eggs, thus using up
all of his available saliva, he would have to wait (so he can produce more) or
drink something to help the eggs go down. Once chewed and swallowed, food passes
down the oesophagus and into the stomach.
The stomach is a J-shaped organ with very active muscles,
which expand and contract depending on the amount of food present.
It’s 25cm long and a trained stomach is capable of holding
up to 4 litres of food. When the stomach is empty it contains about 1 litre of
liquid.
So Paul Newman’s 3 litres of eggs should just about fit into
a very large stomach. But most people’s stomachs could not hold this much.
Once full, the stomach’s nerves sense that it has become
stretched and its muscles begin to work so that the food and enzymes mix
together.
The gastric gland secretes pepsin, an enzyme that breaks
down protein, and hydrochloric acid which kills bacteria.The gastric gland also
secretes mucus that protects the walls of the stomach from the acid.
Once broken down the food is a semi-fluid mass which enters
the small intestine, and it is here that most of the digestion takes place. At
this stage, only the protein has begun to be digested.
Only small amounts of food are released into the 6.5m long
small intestine at a time. This means that most of the eggs will remain in the
stomach for longer than three and a half hours.
Here, enzymes from the pancreas break down the sugars, fats
and the proteins that were not tackled in the stomach.
Towards the end of the small intestine, the tube is lined
with millions of cillia, tiny blood rich projections that give the small
intestine a huge surface area, ready to absorb the broken down eggs.
Now the eggs move into the large intestine. All of the
broken down components of the eggs have passed through the walls of the small
intestine into the bloodstream. What remains are the insoluble parts, like
roughage and water. The large intestine itself doesn’t contribute to digestion,
but bacteria that live there create vitamin K and some of the B vitamins.
The eggs will spend up the 24 hours in the large intestine
where most of the water is absorbed. The last of the eggs pass out of the anus
about 36 hours after being eaten.
Not only will Paul Newman be bunged up for 36 hours after
eating his eggs, the amount of hydrogen sulphide gas (stink gas) he would
produce would be awful.
So after all of this, what is the likelihood of Paul Newman
eating 50 eggs? Not great. He would run out of saliva, and chances are his
stomach would not be trained to take four litres of food.
Source: The Open
University
